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Indigenous Medicinal Plants against Alzheimer’s disease: A Review

Shubham Ghosh
PGT Biology, HolyMother’s Academy, Fulwar, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India.

Biplab Bhowmik
Department of Zoology, Diamond Harbour Women’s University, Sarisha, West Bengal, India.

Saptarshi Chatterjee
Department of Zoology, University of Burdwan, Bardhaman, West Bengal, India.

Susmita Mondal
Department of Zoology, Diamond Harbour Women’s University, Sarisha, West Bengal, India.
OrchideID Icon https://orcid.org/ 0009-0003-8119-2197

Published online: 15th December, 2023

DOI:https://doi.org/10.52756/bhietm.2023.e02.004

Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, Amyloid-β, Antioxidant, Coriandrum sativum, Curcuma longa, Medicinal plant,Phytochemical, Withania somnifera.

Abstract:

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is caused due to degeneration of the brain cells that leads to dementia, which is characterized by impaired thinking, remembering and independence in personal daily activities. It is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder caused primarily due to the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau protein hyperphosphorylation, which induce oxidative stress that affects a wide range of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Furthermore, various risk factors like increasing ageing, head injuries, infections, and environmental factors also contribute to the occurrence of the disease. Globally more than 57.4 million people are affected with AD and the cases are increasing day by day. Still, only two classes of drugs i.e. cholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl d-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists, are available to treat symptoms of AD, however there is no cure or prevention of the disease. Phytochemicals isolated from medicinal plants are proven to be effective in various diseases. Here, we aimed to discuss the effects of three native medicinal plants (Curcuma longa, Withania somnifera & Coriandrum sativum) in AD. A potent phytochemical curcumin found in Curcuma longa has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, reducing oxidative stress and preventing the formation of amyloid-β plaque. Bioactive components such as Witanopherin, witanolides A-Y etc. of Withania somnifera are found to be effective in decreasing the level of inflammatory mediators like IL-1β, Il-6, TNF-α, MCP-1. Moreover, these phytochemicals inhibit amyloidβ and tau protein accumulation, thereby preventing AD. Coriandrum sativum contains active phenolic components which have antioxidant property. Volatile oil from C. sativum proven to be effective for the prevention and reversal of the conditions of AD. Therefore, using these indigenous medicinal plants for the treatment of patients with Alzheimer’s disease is a better alternative as these natural products are very effective with no side effects.

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The Basic Handbook of Indian Ethnobotany
and Traditional Medicine
Vol. 2

How to Cite
Shubham Ghosh, Biplab Bhowmik, Saptarshi Chatterjee and Susmita Mondal (2023). Indigenous Medicinal Plants against Alzheimer’s disease: A Review. © International Academic Publishing House (IAPH), Mrs. Bhanumati Sarkar, Dr. (Professor) Surjyo Jyoti Biswas, Dr. Alok Chandra Samal & Dr. Akhil Pandey (eds.), The Basic Handbook of Indian Ethnobotany and Traditional Medicine [Volume: 2], pp. 46-55. ISBN: 978-81-962683-5-0.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52756/bhietm.2023.e02.004

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