Preface
Parasitic diseases of domestic fowl have long been a subject of interest and concern for both the scientific community and the poultry industry. These diseases not only affect the health and productivity of poultry but also have significant economic and public health implications. This book aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the parasitic diseases that afflict domestic fowl, highlighting their biology, epidemiology, impact, and control strategies.
The motivation for writing this book stems from the recognition of the critical role that domestic fowl play in global food security and the need for effective management of parasitic diseases to ensure sustainable poultry production. Chickens, in particular, are a vital source of protein for many communities around the world, and their health directly impacts human nutrition and economic stability.
This book is structured to offer a detailed exploration of the subject, starting with the biology and life cycles of common poultry parasites. Understanding the intricate life cycles and survival strategies of these parasites is crucial for developing effective control measures. I delve into the fascinating world of parasitology, exploring how these organisms have adapted to their hosts and environments over time.
Subsequent chapters address the epidemiology of parasitic diseases in domestic fowl, examining how these diseases spread within flocks and across regions. The various factors that influence disease transmission, including environmental conditions, management practices, and host susceptibility have been discussed. This epidemiological perspective is essential for designing targeted interventions and monitoring the effectiveness of control programs.
The impact of parasitic diseases on poultry health and productivity is a central theme of this book. Detailed accounts of the clinical manifestations of these diseases, their effects on growth, reproduction, and overall well-being of the birds have been provided. Economic losses resulting from reduced productivity, increased mortality, and the costs associated with disease management are also discussed in depth.
Control strategies form a significant portion of this book, reflecting the importance of managing parasitic diseases to maintain healthy and productive flocks. A range of control measures, including chemotherapeutic treatments, vaccination, and integrated pest management approaches have also been explored. The role of biosecurity and good management practices in preventing and controlling parasitic infections is emphasized throughout.
One of the unique aspects of this book is its focus on case studies and real-world examples of successful parasitic disease control programs. By examining these case studies, readers can gain insights into practical approaches and lessons learned from various contexts. These examples highlight the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration and the adaptation of strategies to local conditions.
In writing this book, I have drawn on the latest research and contributions from experts in the field of parasitology, veterinary medicine, and poultry science. The aim is to provide a resource that is both scientifically rigorous and accessible to a broad audience, including researchers, veterinarians, poultry producers, and students.
I am deeply grateful to the many individuals and organizations, particularly UGC for sanctioning the Minor Research Project vide Letter No. F. No. PSW-088/14-15 (ERO), dated 02-Feb-15, that have supported this project. The collaboration and knowledge sharing among scientists, veterinarians, and industry professionals have been invaluable in bringing this book to fruition. Special thanks are due to the researchers whose pioneering work has laid the foundation for our understanding of parasitic diseases in poultry. I am particularly thankful to International Academic Publishing House for extending their all possible support for publication of this book.
As we look to the future, it is clear that the challenge of managing parasitic diseases in domestic fowl will continue to evolve. Emerging diseases, changing climatic conditions, and evolving resistance to treatments are just a few of the factors that will shape the landscape of poultry health. This book aims to equip readers with the knowledge and tools needed to navigate these challenges and contribute to the advancement of poultry health and productivity.
I hope that this book will serve as a valuable reference and inspire further research and innovation in the field of poultry parasitology. By advancing our understanding and management of parasitic diseases, this book can help ensure a healthy and sustainable future for domestic fowl and the people who depend on them. Thank you for embarking on this journey with us. I invite you to delve into the chapters that follow and explore the complex and fascinating world of parasitic diseases in domestic fowl.
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Woolhouse, M. E., Taylor, L. H., & Haydon, D. T. (2001). Population biology of multihost pathogens. Science, 292(5519), 1109-1112.
World Health Organization. (2020). Ending the neglect to attain the Sustainable Development Goals: A road map for neglected tropical diseases 2021–2030. World Health Organization.
Chapter – 9
Ashley, E. A., Pyae Phyo, A., & Woodrow, C. J. (2014). Malaria. The Lancet, 383(9918), 723-735.
Berdoy, M., Webster, J. P., & Macdonald, D. W. (2000). Fatal attraction in rats infected with Toxoplasma gondii. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 267(1452), 1591-1594.
Craig, P. S., Rogan, M. T., & Allan, J. C. (2000). Detection, screening and community epidemiology of taeniid cestode zoonoses: cystic echinococcosis, alveolar echinococcosis and neurocysticercosis. Advances in Parasitology, 45, 169-250.
Curtis, C. F., & Barfield, A. (2015). Control of disease vectors in the community. British Medical Bulletin, 54(2), 367-381.
Despommier, D. D. (2003). Trichinella spiralis: The worm that would be virus. Parasitology, 128(S1), S1-S6.
Desjeux, P. (2001). The increase in risk factors for leishmaniasis worldwide. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 95(3), 239-243.
Gardner, T. B., Hill, D. R., & Iseman, M. D. (2002). The neglected tropical diseases: the ancient afflictions of stigma and poverty and the prospects for their control and elimination. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 2(5), 327-336.
Gething, P. W., Smith, D. L., Patil, A. P., Tatem, A. J., Snow, R. W., & Hay, S. I. (2010). Climate change and the global malaria recession. Nature, 465(7296), 342-345.
Hotez, P. J., Fenwick, A., Savioli, L., & Molyneux, D. H. (2009). Rescuing the bottom billion through control of neglected tropical diseases. The Lancet, 373(9674), 1570-1575.
Hotez, P. J., Savioli, L., & Fenwick, A. (2012). Neglected tropical diseases of the Middle East and North Africa: review of their prevalence, distribution, and opportunities for control. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 6(2), e1475.
Keiser, J., & Utzinger, J. (2010). The drugs we have and the drugs we need against major helminth infections. Advances in Parasitology, 73, 197-230.
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Taylor, L. H., & Haydon, D. T. (2001). Population biology of multihost pathogens. Science, 292(5519), 1109-1112.
World Health Organization. (2020). Ending the neglect to attain the Sustainable Development Goals: A road map for neglected tropical diseases 2021–2030. World Health Organization.
Chapter – 10
Ashley, E. A., Pyae Phyo, A., & Woodrow, C. J. (2014). Malaria. The Lancet, 383(9918), 723-735.
Curtis, V., & Barfield, R. (2015). Hygiene, sanitation, and water: Forgotten foundations of health. PLoS Medicine, 12(7), e1001946.
Despommier, D. D. (2003). Parasitic diseases. Springer.
Gething, P. W., Patil, A. P., Smith, D. L., Guerra, C. A., Elyazar, I. R., Johnston, G. L., … & Hay, S. I. (2010). Climate change and the global malaria recession. Nature, 465(7296), 342-345.
Hotez, P. J., Fenwick, A., Savioli, L., & Molyneux, D. H. (2009). Rescuing the bottom billion through control of neglected tropical diseases. The Lancet, 373(9674), 1570-1575.
Hotez, P. J., Savioli, L., & Fenwick, A. (2012). Neglected tropical diseases of the Middle East and North Africa: review of their prevalence, distribution, and opportunities for control. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 6(2), e1475.
Keiser, J., & Utzinger, J. (2010). The drugs we have and the drugs we need against major helminth infections. Advances in Parasitology, 73, 197-230.
Mugnier, M. R., Cross, G. A., & Papavasiliou, F. N. (2015). The in vivo dynamics of antigenic variation in Trypanosoma brucei. Science, 347(6229), 1470-1473.
Notomi, T., Okayama, H., Masubuchi, H., Yonekawa, T., Watanabe, K., Amino, N., & Hase, T. (2000). Loop-mediated isothermal amplification of DNA. Nucleic Acids Research, 28(12), e63.
Scherf, A., Lopez-Rubio, J. J., & Riviere, L. (2008). Antigenic variation in Plasmodium falciparum. Annual Review of Microbiology, 62, 445-470.
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Taylor, S. M., Juliano, J. J., & Trottman, P. A. (2001). Rapid establishment of complete plasmodium falciparum genetic diversity within isolated kenyan villages despite high per capita recombination rate. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 183(7), 1153-1159.
Chapter – 11
Ashley, E. A., Pyae Phyo, A., & Woodrow, C. J. (2014). Malaria. The Lancet, 383(9918), 723-735.
Curtis, C. F., & Barfield, M. (2015). Control of disease vectors in the community. Annual Review of Entomology, 60, 469-487.
Despommier, D. (2003). Parasite life cycles. Science, 302(5650), 237-238.
Gething, P. W., Patil, A. P., Smith, D. L., Guerra, C. A., Elyazar, I. R., Johnston, G. L., … & Hay, S. I. (2010). Climate change and the global malaria recession. Nature, 465(7296), 342-345.
Hotez, P. J., Savioli, L., & Fenwick, A. (2012). Neglected tropical diseases of the Middle East and North Africa: review of their prevalence, distribution, and opportunities for control. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 6(2), e1475.
Hotez, P. J., Bottazzi, M. E., Franco-Paredes, C., Ault, S. K., &Periago, M. R. (2009). The neglected tropical diseases of Latin America and the Caribbean: a review of disease burden and distribution and a roadmap for control and elimination. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2(9), e300.
Keiser, J., & Utzinger, J. (2010). The drugs we have and the drugs we need against major helminth infections. Advances in Parasitology, 73, 197-230.
Mugnier, M. R., Cross, G. A. M., & Papavasiliou, F. N. (2015). The in vivo dynamics of antigenic variation in Trypanosoma brucei. Science, 347(6229), 1470-1473.
Notomi, T., Okayama, H., Masubuchi, H., Yonekawa, T., Watanabe, K., Amino, N., & Hase, T. (2000). Loop-mediated isothermal amplification of DNA. Nucleic Acids Research, 28(12), e63.
Speich, B., Knopp, S., Mohammed, K. A., Khamis, I. S., Rinaldi, L., Cringoli, G., … & Utzinger, J. (2016). Comparative cost assessment of the Kato-Katz and FLOTAC techniques for soil-transmitted helminth diagnosis in epidemiological surveys. Parasites & Vectors, 9(1), 576.
Taylor, L. H., Juliano, J. J., & Trottman, P. A. (2001). Drug resistance and malaria: a global perspective. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 14(3), 568-582.
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Chapter – 13
Lekule, F. P., & Kyvsgaard, N. C. (2012). Improving backyard poultry-keeping in Tanzania: A case study from Mbeere District, Kenya. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 24(11).
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Chapter – 14
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Chapter – 15
Chapman, H. D., & Jeffers, T. K. (2014). Vaccination of chickens against coccidiosis ameliorates the loss in weight and carcass yield and decreases oocyst excretion. Poultry Science, 93(4), 912-919. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2013-03750
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Permin, A., & Hansen, J. W. (1998). Epidemiology, diagnosis and control of poultry parasites. FAO Animal Health Manual No. 4.
Soulsby, E. J. L. (1982). Helminths, arthropods, and protozoa of domesticated animals. Bailliere Tindall.
Chapter – 16
Chapman, H.D., & Jeffers, T.K. (2014). Vaccination of chickens against coccidiosis ameliorates the loss in weight and carcass yield and decreases oocyst excretion. Poultry Science, 93(4), 912-919. doi:10.3382/ps.2013-03671
Conway, D.P., & McKenzie, M.E. (2007). Poultry coccidiosis: Diagnostic and testing procedures. Blackwell Publishing.
Jordan, F.T.W., & Pattison, M. (1998). Poultry diseases. W.B. Saunders.
McDougald, L.R. (2003). Protozoal infections. In Y.M. Saif (Ed.), Diseases of poultry (pp. 973-1023). Iowa State Press.
Permin, A., & Hansen, J.W. (1998). Epidemiology, diagnosis and control of poultry parasites. FAO Animal Health Manual No. 4.
Prasad, D., & Kumar, S. (2020). Advances in molecular diagnosis of parasitic infections in poultry. Journal of Veterinary Parasitology, 34(1), 10-18. doi:10.1007/s11250-019-02082-2
Soulsby, E.J.L. (1982). Helminths, arthropods, and protozoa of domesticated animals. Bailliere Tindall.
Chapter – 17
Chapman, H.D., & Jeffers, T.K. (2014). Vaccination of chickens against coccidiosis ameliorates the loss in weight and carcass yield and decreases oocyst excretion. Poultry Science, 93(4), 912-919. doi:10.3382/ps.2013-03671
Phalen, D.N. (2002). Diagnosis of avian parasites. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice, 5(3), 435-453. doi:10.1016/S1094-9194(02)00013-6
Ruff, M.D. (1999). Important parasites in poultry production systems. Veterinary Parasitology, 84(3-4), 337-347. doi:10.1016/S0304-4017(99)00036-2
Sharma, A., & Gupta, N. (2019). Serological techniques for the diagnosis of parasitic infections in domestic fowl. Poultry Research Journal, 42(2), 123-134. doi:10.21059/ijas.2019.v7i2.32753
Williams, R.B. (2005). Intercurrent coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis of chickens: Rational, integrated disease management by maintenance of gut integrity. Avian Pathology, 34(3), 159-180. doi:10.1080/03079450500170528
Chapter – 18
Chapman, H.D., & Jeffers, T.K. (2014). Vaccination of chickens against coccidiosis ameliorates the loss in weight and carcass yield and decreases oocyst excretion. Poultry Science, 93(4), 912-919. doi:10.3382/ps.2013-03671
Phalen, D.N. (2002). Diagnosis of avian parasites. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice, 5(3), 435-453. doi:10.1016/S1094-9194(02)00013-6
Ruff, M.D. (1999). Important parasites in poultry production systems. Veterinary Parasitology, 84(3-4), 337-347. doi:10.1016/S0304-4017(99)00036-2
Williams, R.B. (2005). Intercurrent coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis of chickens: Rational, integrated disease management by maintenance of gut integrity. Avian Pathology, 34(3), 159-180. doi:10.1080/03079450500170528
Chapter – 19
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