/ IAPH Books, Science Book, The Basic Handbook of Indian Ethnobotany and Traditional Medicine [Volume: 2] / By

Indigenous Medicinal Plants against Alzheimer’s disease: A Review

Shubham Ghosh
PGT Biology, HolyMother’s Academy, Fulwar, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India.

Biplab Bhowmik
epartment of Zoology, Diamond Harbour Women’s University, Sarisha, West Bengal, India.

Saptarshi Chatterjee
Department of Zoology, University of Burdwan, Bardhaman, West Bengal, India.

Susmita Mondal
Department of Zoology, Diamond Harbour Women’s University, Sarisha, West Bengal, India.
OrchideID Icon https://orcid.org/ 0009-0003-8119-2197

Published online: 15th December, 2023

DOI:https://doi.org/10.52756/bhietm.2023.e02.004

Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, Amyloid-β, Antioxidant, Coriandrum sativum, Curcuma longa, Medicinal plant,Phytochemical, Withania somnifera.

Abstract:

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is caused due to degeneration of the brain cells that leads to dementia, which is characterized by impaired thinking, remembering and independence in personal daily activities. It is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder caused primarily due to the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau protein hyperphosphorylation, which induce oxidative stress that affects a wide range of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Furthermore, various risk factors like increasing ageing, head injuries, infections, and environmental factors also contribute to the occurrence of the disease. Globally more than 57.4 million people are affected with AD and the cases are increasing day by day. Still, only two classes of drugs i.e. cholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl d-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists, are available to treat symptoms of AD, however there is no cure or prevention of the disease. Phytochemicals isolated from medicinal plants are proven to be effective in various diseases. Here, we aimed to discuss the effects of three native medicinal plants (Curcuma longa, Withania somnifera & Coriandrum sativum) in AD. A potent phytochemical curcumin found in Curcuma longa has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, reducing oxidative stress and preventing the formation of amyloid-β plaque. Bioactive components such as Witanopherin, witanolides A-Y etc. of Withania somnifera are found to be effective in decreasing the level of inflammatory mediators like IL-1β, Il-6, TNF-α, MCP-1. Moreover, these phytochemicals inhibit amyloidβ and tau protein accumulation, thereby preventing AD. Coriandrum sativum contains active phenolic components which have antioxidant property. Volatile oil from C. sativum proven to be effective for the prevention and reversal of the conditions of AD. Therefore, using these indigenous medicinal plants for the treatment of patients with Alzheimer’s disease is a better alternative as these natural products are very effective with no side effects.

References:

  • Abascal, K., & Yarnell, E. (2004). Alzheimer’s disease: part 2—A botanical treatment plan. Alternative and Complementary Therapies, 10, 67-72.
  • Aggarwal, B.B., Sundaram, C., Malani, N., & Ichikawa, H. (2007). Curcumin: the Indian solid gold. Adv Exp Med Biol., 595, 1-75.
  • Alzheimer’s Association (2010). Alzheimer’s disease facts and figures. Alzheimers Dement, 6, 158-194.
  • Ammon, H.P., & Wahl, M.A. (1991). Pharmacology of Curcuma longa. Planta Med., 57, 1-7.
  • Avila, J., Lucas, J., Perez, M., & Hernandez, F. (2004). Role of tau protein in both physiological and pathological conditions. Physiol. Rev., 84, 361-384.
  • Ballard, C., Gauthier, S., Corbett, A., Brayne, C., Aarsland, D., & Jones, E. (2011). Alzheimer’s disease. Lancet., 377, 1019-1031.
  • Baum, L., Lam, C.W., Cheung, S.K., Kwok, T., Lui, V., Tsoh, J., Lam, L., Leung, V., Hui, E., Ng, C., Woo, J., Chiu, H.F., Goggins, W.B., Zee, B.C., Cheng, K.F., Fong, C.Y., Wong, A., Mok, H., Chow, M.S., Ho, P.C., Ip, S.P., Ho, C.S., Yu, X.W., Lai, C.Y., Chan, M.H., Szeto, S., Chan, I.H., & Mok, V. (2008). Six-month randomized, placebo controlled, double-blind, pilot clinical trial of curcumin in patients with Alzheimer disease. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 28, 110-113.
  • Begum, A.N., Jones, M.R., Lim, G.P., Morihara, T., Kim, P., Heath, D.D., Rock, C.L., Pruitt, M.A., Yang, F., Hudspeth, B., Hu, S., Faull, K.F., Teter, B., Cole, G.M., & Frautschy, S.A (2008). Curcumin structure-function, bioavailability, and efficacy in models of neuroinflammation and Alzheimer’s disease. J. Pharmacol Exp. Ther., 326, 196-208.
  • Belkacemi, A., Doggui, S., Dao, L., & Ra Massamy, C. (2011). Challenges associated with curcumin therapy in Alzheimer disease. Expert. Rev. Mol. Med., 13, e34.
  • Bhattacharjee, P. (2020). Effects of cold stress, alprazolam and phytomedicine in combination with stress on blood glucose and haematogical parameter of the male albino rat. Int. J. Exp. Res. Rev., 22, 37-44. https://doi.org/10.52756/ijerr.2020.v22.005
  • Bredesen, D.E. (2009). Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease: caspases and synaptic element interdependence. Mol. Neurodegeneration,  4, 27.
  • Breitner, J.C., Welsh, K.A., Helms, M.J., Gaskell, P.C., Gau, B.A., Roses, A.D., Pericak-Vance, M.A., & Saunders, A.M. (1995). Delayed onset of Alzheimer’s disease with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory and histamine H2 blocking drugs. Neurobiol Aging, 16, 523-530.
  • Butterfield, D., Castegna, A., Pocernich, C., Drake, J., Scapagnini, G., & Calabrese, V. (2002). Nutritional approaches to combat oxidative stress in Alzheimer’s disease. J. Nutr. Biochem. 13, 444.
  • Das, R., Rauf, A., Akhter, S., Islam, M.N., Emran, T.B., Mitra, S., Khan, I.N., & Mubarak, M.S. (2021). Role of Withaferin A and Its Derivatives in the Management of Alzheimer’s Disease: Recent Trends and Future Perspectives. Molecules, 26, 3696.
  • Dey, S., & Guha, P. (2020). A brief review on cigarette-induced cellular. Int. J. Exp. Res. Rev., 23, 18-26. https://doi.org/10.52756/ijerr.2020.v23.002
  • De-Paula, V.J., Radanovic, M., Diniz, B.S., & Forlenza, O.V. (2012). Alzheimer’s disease. Sub-Cell. Biochem., 65, 329–352.
  • Ganguli, M., Chandra, V., Kamboh, M.I., Johnston, J.M., Dodge, H.H., Thelma, B.K., Juyal, R.C., Pandav, R., Belle, S.H., & DeKosky, S.T (2000). Apolipoprotein E polymorphism and Alzheimer disease: The Indo-US Cross-National Dementia Study. Arch Neurol., 57, 824-830.
  • Haloi, R., Chanda, D., Hazarika, J., & Barman, A. (2023). Statistical feature-based EEG signals classification using ANN and SVM classifiers for Parkinson’s disease detection. Int. J. Exp. Res. Rev., 31(Spl Volume), 141-149. https://doi.org/10.52756/10.52756/ijerr.2023.v31spl.014
  • Hasegawa, M. (2016). Molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease and tauopathies-prion-like seeded aggregation and phosphorylation. Biomolecules, 6, Pii,  E24.
  • Howes, M.J., Perry, N.S., & Houghton, P.J. (2003). Plants with traditional uses and activities, relevant to the management of Alzheimer’s disease and other cognitive disorders. Phytother Res., 17, 1-18.
  • John, J. (2014). Therapeutic potential of Withania somnifera: A report on phyto-pharmacological properties. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res., 5, 2131–2148.
  • Kansal, L., Sharma, V., Sharma, A., Lodi, S., & Sharma, S. (2011). Protective role of coriandrum sativum (coriander) extracts against lead nitrate induced oxidative stress and tissue damage in the liver and kidney in male mice. Int. J. Appl. Biol. Pharm. Technol., 2, 65-83.
  • Kelley, B.J., & Knopman, D.S. (2008). Alternative medicine and Alzheimer disease. Neurologist, 14, 299-306.
  • Kennedy, D.O., & Wightman, E.L. (2011). Herbal extracts and phytochemicals: plant secondary metabolites and the enhancement of human brain function. Adv. Nutr., 2, 32-50.
  • Kumar, V. (2006). Potential medicinal plants for CNS disorders: an overview. Phytother Res., 20, 1023-1035.
  • Kurapati, K.R.V., Atluri, V.S.R., Samikkannu, T., & Nair, M.P.N. (2013). Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) reverses _-amyloid1-42 induced toxicity in human neuronal cells: Implications in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). PLoS ONE, 8, e77624.
  • Lim, G.P., Chu, T., Yang, F., Beech, W., Frautschy, S.A., & Cole, G.M. (2001). The curry spice curcumin reduces oxidative damage and amyloid pathology in an Alzheimer transgenic mouse. J Neurosci 2001, 21:8370-8377.
  • Livingston, G., Huntley, J., Sommerlad, A., Ames, D., Ballard, C., Banerjee, S., Brayne, C., Burns, A., Cohen-Mansfield, J., & Cooper, C. (2020). Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2020 report of the Lancet Commission. Lancet, 396, 413–446.
  • Mani, V., Parle, M., Ramasamy, K., Majeed, A., & Bakar, A. (2011). Reversal of memory deficits by Coriandrum sativum leaves in mice. J. Sci. Food Agric., 91, 186-192.
  • Manyam, B.V. (1999). Dementia in Ayurveda. J Altern Complement Med., 5, 81-88.
  • Mishra, L.C., Singh, B.B., & Dagenais, S. (2000). Scientifi c basis for the therapeutic use of Withania.
  • Mishra LC, Singh BB, Dagenais S: Scientifi c basis for the therapeutic use of Withania somnifera (ashwagandha): a review. Altern Med. Rev., 5, 334-346.
  • Monograph. (2004). Withania somnifera. Altern. Med. Rev., 9, 211-214.
  • Pandey, A., Bigoniya, P., Raj, V., & Patel, K. (2011). Pharmacological screening of Coriandrum sativum Linn. for hepatoprotective activity. J. Pharm. Bioall. Sci., 3, 435-441.
  • Pandey, A., Bani, S., Dutt, P., Satti, N.K., Suri, K.A., & Qazi, G.N. (2018). Multifunctional neuroprotective effect of Withanone, a compound from Withania somnifera roots in alleviating cognitive dysfunction. Cytokine, 102, 211–221.
  • Perry, E.K., Pickering, A.T., Wang, W.W., Houghton, P.J., & Perry, N.S. (1999). Medicinal plants and Alzheimer’s disease: from ethnobotany to phytotherapy. J. Pharm Pharmacol., 51, 527-534.
  • Pourzaki, M., Homayoun, M., Sadeghi, S., Seghatoleslam, M., Hosseini, M., & Bideskan, A.E. (2017). Preventive effect of Coriandrum sativum on neuronal damages in pentylentetrazole-induced seizure in rats. Avicenna J Phytomed, 7, 116-128.
  • Ray, S., Kumar, A., Kapil, S., Sharma, R., & Gayathri, J. (2023). Early Detection & Management of Alzheimer’s Disease & Dementia in India: A Policy Perspective. CSIR-NIScPR Policy Bulletin.
  • Russo, A., Izzo, A.A., Cardile, V., Borrelli, F., & Vanella, A. (2001). Indian medicinal plants as antiradicals and DNA cleavage protectors. Phytomedicine, 8, 125-132.
  • Sarkar, B., Jana, S., Kasem, S., & Behera, B. (2016). Therapeutic potential of some Medicinal plants on wound healing. Int. J. Exp. Res. Rev., 2, 1-4. https://doi.org/10.52756/ijerr.2016.v2.001
  • Sarkar, B., Bhattacharya, P., Yen Chen, C., Maity, J., & Biswas, T. (2022). A comprehensive characterization and therapeutic properties in ripened Noni fruits (Morinda citrifolia L.). International Journal of Experimental Research and Review, 29, 10-32. https://doi.org/10.52756/ijerr.2022.v29.002
  • Sarkar, B., Biswas, P., Acharya, C.K., Ghorai, S.K., Nahar, N., Jana, S.K., Ghosh, S., Sarkar, D., Behera, B., & Madhu, N.R. (2021). Knowledge of Traditional Indian Medicinal Plants for the Management of COPD. Chettinad Health City Medical Journal, 10(4), 184 – 189. https://doi.org/10.36503/chcmj10(4)-05
  • Serrano-Pozo, A., Frosch, M.P., Masliah, E., & Hyman, B.T. (2011). Neuropathological alterations in Alzheimer disease. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med., 1, a006189.
  • Shishodia, S., Sethi, G., & Aggarwal, B.B. (2005). Getting back to roots. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 1056, 206-217.
  • Singh, S.K., Srivastav, S., Yadav, A.K., Srikrishna, S., & Perry, G. (2016). Overview of Alzheimer’s disease and some therapeutic approaches targeting abeta by using several synthetic and herbal compounds. Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev., 7361613.
  • Spires-Jones, T.L., & Hyman, B.T. (2014). The intersection of amyloid beta and tau at synapses in Alzheimer’s disease. Neuron, 82, 756–771.
  • Tiwari, S., Atluri, V., Kaushik, A., Yndart, A., & Nair, M.  (2019). Alzheimer’s disease: Pathogenesis, diagnostics, and therapeutics. Int. J. Nanomed., 14, 5541–5554.
  • Yang, F., Lim, G.P., Begum, A.N., Ubeda, O.J., Simmons, M.R., Ambegaokar, S.S., Chen, P.P., Kayed, R., Glabe, C.G., Frautschy, S.A., & Cole, G.M. (2005). Curcumin inhibits formation of amyloid beta oligomers and fi brils, binds plaques, and reduces amyloid in vivo. J. Biol. Chem.,280, 5892-5901.
  • Yiannopoulou, K.G., & Papageorgiou, S.G. (2020). Current and future treatments in Alzheimer disease: An update. J. Cent. Nerv. Syst. Dis., 12. Zargari, A. (1991). Medicinal plants. 5th ed. Tehran University Publications, 2, 1-942.
Get PDF

check for update

The Basic Handbook of Indian Ethnobotany
and Traditional Medicine
Vol. 2

How to Cite
Shubham Ghosh, Biplab Bhowmik, Saptarshi Chatterjee and Susmita Mondal (2023). Indigenous Medicinal Plants against Alzheimer’s disease: A Review. © International Academic Publishing House (IAPH), Mrs. Bhanumati Sarkar, Dr. (Professor) Surjyo Jyoti Biswas, Dr. Alok Chandra Samal & Dr. Akhil Pandey (eds.), The Basic Handbook of Indian Ethnobotany and Traditional Medicine [Volume: 2], pp. 46-55. ISBN: 978-81-962683-5-0.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52756/bhietm.2023.e02.004

SHARE WITH EVERYONE

Continue reading in any device

Continue reading in any device

Our Other Books –