Low-cost biochar-based heavy metal removal from water and its application towards minimizing bioaccumulation into the fish ecosystem: An optimization-based sustainability study

/ IAPH Books, Science Book / By
Low-cost biochar-based heavy metal removal from water and its application towards minimizing bioaccumulation into the fish ecosystem: An optimization-based sustainability study

Low-cost biochar-based heavy metal removal from water and its application towards minimizing bioaccumulation into the fish ecosystem: An optimization-based sustainability study

Author:
Sambit Tarafdar

Editor:
Shrubawati Sarkar

ABSTRACT

Bamboo is a common plant native to Asia that has been used in a variety of industries. It also produces a large volume of leaves that go to waste and are not used for any useful purposes; it is often considered a bio-waste and is incinerated or dumped because its applications have not yet been fully explored. Ultimate analysis was performed to determine the Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen and Nitrogen content of bamboo leaf. The impact of bamboo leaves on the production of biochar has been investigated and described in this study. Performing proximate analysis Fixed carbon (FC) content, Ash (A) content and volatile matter (VM) content were determined to be (15.395 ± 0.145) %, (2.745 ± 0.131) % and (81.861 ± 0.258) % respectively. Bulk density was reported to as (0.322333 ± 0.001528) gm/cm3 . X-Ray diffraction (XRD) results revealed the presence of various phases; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results showed various modes of vibrations viz. O-H stretching bending of other bonds; It appears that, the bamboo leaf biochar can have suitable properties for its use as an alternative source of bioremedic application for removing heavy metals from wastewater. A fish model was also developed by making the different concentration of lead contaminated water and using „Gangetic koi‟ as a fish specimen. Its high porosity and carbon content suggest its application as activated carbon also; after physical or chemical treatments. The current study aims to push the boundaries of bamboo leaf utilization beyond being an unutilized bio-waste to become a value-added product with long-term applications.

References:

  • Goering, L.P., Aposhian, V. H., Mass, J. M., Cebrian, M., Beck D. B., and Walkes, P. M. (1999). The enigma of arsenic carcinogenesis: role of metabolism. Toxicological Sciences, 49: pp.5-14.
  • Zulfiqar, M., Samsudin, M. F. R., Sufian, S. (2019). Modelling and optimization of photocatalytic degradation of phenol via Tio2 nanoparticles: An insight into response surface methodology and artificial neural network. 384, 112039
  • Sadat, M., Hashemi, H., Eslami, F., Karimzadeh, R. (2019). Organic contaminants removal from industrial wastewater by CTAB treated synthetic zeolite Y. J. Environ. Manag. 233, 785–792.
  • Ejraei, A., Aroon, M. A., Saravani, A. Z. (2019) Wastewater treatment using a hybrid system combining adsorption, photocatalytic degradation and membrane filtration processes. J. Water Process. Eng., 28, 45–53.
  • Nharingo, T. & Moyo, M. (2016). Application of Opuntia ficus-indica in bioremediation of wastewaters. A critical review. J. Environ. Manag., 166, 55–72.
  • Massoud, M., Tarhini, A. and Nasr, J. (2009). Decentralized approaches to wastewater treatment and management: Applicability in developing countries. Journal of Environmental Management, 90(1), pp.652-659.
  • Mukherjee, S., Das, D., Darbar, S., Mukherjee, M., Das A. S. and Mitra, C. (2004). Arsenic trioxide generates oxidative stress and islet cell toxicity in rabbit. Current science, 86: pp.854-858.
  • Elia, A.C., Dorr, A, J, M., Mantilacci, L., Taticchi, M. I., Galarini, R. (2000). Effects of mercury on glutathione and glu-tathione-dependent enzymes in catfish Ictalurus melas (R). In: Markert B, Friese K (eds.): Trace elements-their distribution and effects in the environment: Trace Metals in the Environment. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam. pp.411-421.
  • Anderson, J.T. and Erik Batrup, (1988). Ultrstructural localization of mercury accumulation in the gills, hepatopancreas, midgut and antennal glands of the brown shrimp, Crangoncrangon, Aquatic Toxicology, 13: pp.309-324
  • Mondon, J. A., Duda, S. and Nowak, B. F. 2001. Histological, growth and 7-thoxyresorufin o-deethylase (EROD) activity responses of green back to contaminated marine sediment and diet. Aquat. Toxicol., 54: pp.231-247.
  • Heath, A. G., (1987). Water pollution and fish physiology. CRC press, Florida, USA, p.245.
  • Martins, R. J. E., Pardob, R. and Boaventura, R. A. R. (2004). Cadmium (II) and zinc (II) adsorption by the aquatic moss Fontinalis antipyretica: effect of temperature, pH and water hardness. Water Research, 38: pp.693-699.
  • Basa, S. and Rani, P. S. (2003). A cadmium induced antioxidant defense mechanism in freshwater teleost Oreochromis mossambicus (Tilapia). Eco. Toxicol. Environ. Saf. 56(2): pp.218-221.
  • Ezeonyejiaku C. D., Okoye C. O., Ezenwelu C. O. (2019). Toxicity and Bioaccumulation Studies of Heavy Metals on a Freshwater Fish. Int J Oceanogr Aquac 2019, 3(3): 000169. DOI: 10.23880/ijoac-16000169
  • Kurian, J. K., Nair, G. R., Hussain, A., Raghavan, G. V. (2013). “Feedstocks, logistics and pretreatment processes for sustainable lignocellulosic biorefineries: A comprehensive review”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, v. 25, pp. 205-219. Doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2013.04.019.
  • Ok, S. Y., Uchimiya, S. M., Chang, S. X. & Bolan, N. (2016) . Biochar. Production, Characterization and Applications. USA, Boca Raton: CRC Press. Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Lehmann, J. & Joseph, S. (2009). Biochar for Environmental Management. Science and technology. London: Earthscan
  • Xiang, W., Zhang, X., Chen, J., Zou, W., He, F., Hu, X., Tsang, D.C.W., Ok, Y.S. & Gao, B. (2020). Biochar technology in wastewater treatment: A critical review. Chemosphere 252. https://www-sciencedirect-com.libproxy.tuni.fi/science/ article/pii/ S0045653520307323
  • Kim, J. H., Ok, Y. S., Choi, G. H., Park, B. J. (2015). Residual perfluorochemicals in the biochar from sewage sludge. Chemosphere; 134, 435–437.
  • Kaetzl, K.; Lübken, M.; Nettmann, E.; Krimmler, S.; Wichern, M. (2020) Slow sand filtration of raw wastewater using biochar as an alternative filtration media. Sci. Rep., Vol. 10, 1229.
  • Guillossou, R., Roux, J.L., Mailler, R., Pereira-Derome, C.S., Varrault, G., Bressy, A., Vulliet, E., Morlay, C., Nauleau, F., Rocher, V. (2020). Influence of dissolved organic matter on the removal of organic micropollutants from wastewater effluent by powdered activated carbon adsorption. Water Res., 172, 115487.
  • Canadian Contaminants Assessment Report II, (2003); Sources, Occurrence, Trends and Pathways in the physical environment, Northern Contaminants program, Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development, Minister of Public Works and Government Services Canada, p,p. 332.
  • WHO/FAO/IAEA (1996) Trace Elements   in Human   Nutrition and Health.  World Health Organization. Geneva, Switzerland
  • Fulya Algül & Mehmet Beyhan, (2020); Concentrations and sources of heavy metals in shallow sediments in Lake Bafa, Turkey. Scientific Reports 10:11782. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-68833-2
  • Chatterjee, M. et al. Distribution and possible source of trace elements in the sediment cores of a tropical macrotidal estuary and their ecological signifcance. Environ. Int. 33, 346–356 (2007)
  • Strode, S., Jaegle, L., Selin, N.E. Impact of mercury emissions from historic gold and silver mining: Global modeling. Atmospheric Environment 2009, 43(12), 2012-2017.
  • Florea A-M, Dopp E, Obe G, Rettenmeier AW. Genotoxicity of organometallic species. In: Hirner AV, Emons H, editors. Organic Metal and Metalloid Species in the Environment: Analysis, Distribution, Processes and Toxicological Evaluation. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag; 2004. pp. 205-219
  • Drozdova, J., Raclavska, H., Raclavsky, K. and Skrobankova, H. (2019), Heavy metals in domestic wastewater with respect to urban population in Ostrava, Czech Republic. Water and Environment Journal, 33: 77-85. https://doi.org/10.1111/wej.12371
  • Bavor, H. J., Davies, C. M., and Sakadevan, K., 2001, Stormwater treatment: do constructed wetlands yield improved pollutant management performance over a detention pondsystem? Water Sci Technol. 44(11-12): 565-570.
  • Sud D, Mahajan G, Kaur M (2008), Agricultural waste material as potential adsorbent for sequestering heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions: a review. Bioresour Technol 99(14):6017– 6027.
  • Van der Hoek, W., Hassan, M.U.l., Ensink, J.H.J., Feenstra, S., Raschid-Sally, L., Munir, S., Aslam, R., Ali, N., Hussain, R. and Matsuno, Y. (2002), Urban Wastewater: A Valuable Resource for Agriculture A Case Study from Haroonabad, Pakistan. IWMI Research Report no. 63, International Water Management Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka, pp 14.
  • K. Ikehata, A. T. Komor and N. T. Komor and Y. Jin (2014), Removal of Iron and Manganese from Water Chemistry and Engineering Considerations, 122-140, Book – Heavy Metals In Water Presence, Removal and Safety, The Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC publications).
  • Renu, Madhu Agarwal, K. Singh; Heavy metal removal from wastewater using various adsorbents: a review. Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 1 December 2017; 7 (4): 387–419. doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2016.104
  • Kinuthia, G.K., Ngure, V., Beti, D. et al. Levels of heavy metals in wastewater and soil samples from open drainage channels in Nairobi, Kenya: community health implic5ation. Sci Rep 10, 8434 (2020). ‘’https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-65359-5
  • Kabata-Pendia A (eds.) (2001) Trace Elements in Soils   and Plants.  3rd ed.  CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL
  • Fergusson JE (eds.) (1990) The Heavy Elements: Chemistry, Environmental Impact and Health Effects. Pergamon Press. Oxford
  • Aneyo, I. A., Doharty, F. V., Adebesin, O. A. & Hammed, M. O. Biodegradation of pollutants in wastewater from pharmaceutical, textile and local dye efuent in Lagos, Nigeria. Journal of Health & Pollution 6(12), 34–42 (2016).
  • WHO. Adverse Health Efects of heavy Metals in Children. Children’s Health and the Environment; WHO Training Package for the Health Sector, October (2011a).
  • US EPA. Toxic Release Inventory (TRI). TRI Explorer; Releases: Chemical Report 2009 – Cadmium and Cadmium compounds. Minnesota (2010).
  • Goel, P. K. Water Pollution: Causes, Efects and control (2nd ed.). New Age International (P) Limited Publishers, New Delhi (2006).
  • World Bank and International Finance Corporation (IFC). World Bank Group: Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines for Termal Power Plants; http://www.ifc.org/ifcext/enviro.nsf/content/environmentalguidlines (2008).
  • Walker, C.H., Hopkin, S.P., Sibly, R.M. and Peakall, D.B. (2006). Principles of ecotoxicology (3rd ed.). New York: Taylor & Francis.
  • Purdue University. (2008). Solubility product constant, Ksp. Purdue University. Retrieved August 29, 2009, from http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/howtosolveit/equilibrium/solubility_products.htm
  • Forstner, U. and Wittmann, G.T.W. (1983). Metal pollution in the aquatic environment. Germany: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
  • Pachana, K., Wattanakornsiri, A., Nanuam, J. (2010). Heavy Metal Transport and Fate in the Environmental Compartments. NU Science Journal 2010; 7(1): 1 – 11
  • Praveena M, Sandeep V, Kavitha N and Jayantha Rao K (2013). Impact of tannery effluent, chromium on Hematological parameters in a fresh water Fish, Labeo Rohita (Hamilton). Res. J. Animal, Veternary and Fishery Sci. Vol. 1(6), 1-5, July (2013). ISSN-23206535.
  • Han J-M, Park H-J, Kim J-H, Jeong D-S and Kang J-C (2019). Toxic effects of arsenic on growth, hematological parameters, and plasma components of starry flounder, Platichthys stellatus, at two water temperature conditions. Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Vol 22, issue 3, pp 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41240-019-0116-5.
  • Vasanthi, N., Muthukumaravel, K., Sathick, O. and Sugumaran, J., (2019) Toxic effect of mercury on the freshwater fish Oreochromis mossambicus. Res J. Lsc, Bioin. Pharma. & chem. Sci. ISSN 2454-6348. DOI: 10.26479/2019.0503.30.
  • Mobarak YMS and Sharaf MM (2011). Lead acetate –induced histopathological changes in in the gills and digestive system of Silver Sailfin Molly (Poecilia latipinna) Int. J. Zool. Res. Vol 7, issue 1, pp 1-18. DOI 10.3923/ijzr.2011.1.18.
  • Khan MS, Javed M, Rehman MT, Urooj M and Ahmad MI (2020). Heavy metal pollution and risk assessment by the battery of toxicity tests. Sci Rep, vol 10, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-73468-4.
  • Das S and Gupta A (2013). Accumulation of copper in different tissues and changes in oxygen consumption rate in Indian Flying Barb, Esomus danricus (Hamilton Buchanan) exposed to sublethal concentrations of copper. Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences, 6(1), 21–24.
  • Afshan, S., Ali, S., Ameen, U.S., Farid, M., Bharwana, S.A., Hannan, F., Ahmad, R. (2014); Effect of Different Heavy Metal Pollution on Fish. Res. J. Chem. Env. Sci. 2(1): 74-79.
  • Blewett, T.A., Leonard, E.M. (2017); Mechanisms of nickel toxicity to fish and invertebrates in marine and estuarine waters. Environmental Pollution.223: 1-12.
  • Arellano JM, Storch V, Sarasquete C. (1999); Histological changes and copper accumulation in liver and gills of the Senegalese sole, Solea senegalensis. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 1999; 44:62–72. doi: 10.1006/eesa.1801.
  • Moneim A. M., Khadre S. E. M., Abdul-Kader H. H. (2008); Physiological and histopathological effects in catfish (Clarias lazera) exposed to dyestuff and chemical wastewater. Int J Zool Res. ;4(4):189–202. doi: 10.3923/ijzr.2008.189.202.
  • Olurin K., Olojo E., Mbaka G., Akindele A. (2006) Histopathological responses of the gill and liver tissue of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings to the herbicide, glyphosate. Afr J Biotechnol. ;5:2480–7.
  • Gurcu, B., Yildiz, S., Basimo, Y., Koca, G., Koca S. (2010); Investigation of histopathological and cytogenic effects of heavy metals pollution on Cyprinus carpio (Linneaus, 1758) in the Gölmarmara Lake, Turkey. J Anim Vet Adv. 2010;9(4):798–808. doi: 10.3923/javaa.2010.798.808.
  • Mishra, A. K.; Mohanty, B. (2008); Acute toxicity impacts of hexavalent chromium on behavior and histopathology of gill, kidney and liver of the freshwater fish, Channa punctatus (Bloch). Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 26, 136–141.
  • Fonseca, A. R., Fernandes, L. F., Fontainhas-Fernandes, A.; Monteiro, S.M.; Pacheco, F.A.L. (2017); The impact of freshwater metal concentrations on the severity of histopathological changes in fish gills: A statistical perspective. Sci. Total Environ., 599–600, 217–226.
  • Begum, A., Mustafa, A. I., Amin, M. N., T.R. Chowdhury, S.B. Quraishi,  Banu, (2013); Levels of heavy metals in tissues of shingi fish (Heteropneustes fossilis) from Buriganga River, Bangladesh, Environ. Monit. Assess. 185 ;5461–5469.
  • Dhanakumar, S., Solaraj, G., Mohanraj, R. (2015); Heavy metal partitioning in sediments and bioaccumulation in commercial fish species of three major reservoirs of river Cauvery delta region, India, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 113; 145–151.
  • Karunanidhi, K., Rajendran, R., Pandurangan, D., Arumugam, G. (2017); first report on distribution of heavy metals and proximate analysis in marine edible puffer fishes collected from of Mannar Marine Biophere Reserve, South India, Toxicol. Rep. 4 ;319–327.
  • Ullah, A. K. M., Maksud, M. A., Khan, S. R., Lutfa, L. N., Shamshad, B., (2020); Dietary intake of heavy metals from eight highly consumed species of cultured fish and possible human health risk implications in Bangladesh, Toxicol. Rep. 4 ; 574–579.
  • Singh, H.S., Reddy, T.V. (1990); Effect of copper sulfate on hematology, blood chemistry and hepato-somatic index of Indian catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch), and its recovery. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety. 20: 30-35
  • Peuranen, S., Vuorinen, P.J., Vuorinen, M., Hollender, A. (1994); The effects of iron, humic acids and low pH on the gills and physiology of brown trout, Salmo trutta. Annales Zoologica Fennici. 31: 389–396.
  • Bakulski, K.M., Hu, H., Park, S.K. (2020); Chapter 51: Lead, cadmium and Alzheimer’s disease. The neuroscience of Dementia 2, 813-830.
  • Suzzi, C.V., Kruse, D., Harrington, J., Levin, K., Meliker, J.R. (2016); is urinary cadmium a biomarker of long-term exposure in humans? A review. Current Environmental Health Reports 2016, 3,450-458.
  • CCFAC (Codex Committee on Food Additives and Contaminants), Comments Submitted on Draft Maximum Levels for Lead and Cadmium, Thirty-third session, Agenda 16c/16d, joint FAO/WHO standards Programme, Hague, The Netherlands, 2001.
  • Noren, S. & Abd-Elsalam, K.A. (2021); Biochar-based nanocomposites: A sustainable tool in wastewater bioremediation. Aquananotechnology. Applications of nanomaterials for water purification, 185-200. https://www.sciencedirect. com/science/article/pii/B9780128211410000239
  • Sewu, D.D., Jung, H., Kim, S. S., Lee, D. S. & Woo, S. H. (2019); Decolorization of cationic and anionic dye-laden wastewater by steam-activated biochar produced at an industrial-scale from spent mushroom substrate.Bioresource Technology 277, 77-86. https://www.sciencedirect. com/science/article/abs/pii/S0960852419300458
  • Liyanage, A.S., Canaday, S., Pittman Jr., C.U. & Mlsna, T. (2020); Rapid remediation of pharmaceuticals from wastewater using magnetic Fe3O3/Douglas fir biochar adsorbents. Chemosphere 258. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045653520315290
  • Zubair, M., Insanullah, I., Aziz, H.A., Ahmad, M.A. & Al-Harthi, M. (2021); Sustainable wastewater treatment by biochar/layered double hydroxide composites: Progress, challenges, and outlook. Bioresource Technology 319.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0960852420314024
  • Yi, Y., Huang, Z., Lu, B., Xian, J., Tsang, E.P., Cheng, W., Fang, J. & Fang, J. (2020); Magnetic biochar for environmental remediation: A review. Bioresource Technology (298). https://www.sciencedirect.com /science/article/abs/pii/S0960852419316980
  • Wang, X., Guo, Z., Hu, Z., Zhang, J. & Eroglu, E. (ed.) 2020. Recent advances in biochar application for water and wastewater treatment: a review.PeerJ8/2020.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7243815/
  • Perez-Mercado, L.F., Lalander, C., Joel, A., Ottoson, J., Dalahmeh, S. & Vinnerås, B. (2019); Biochar filters as on-farm treatment to reduce pathogens when irrigating with wastewater-polluted sources. Journal of EnvironmentalManagement248.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301479719309971
  • Liu, Z.; Quek, A.; Hoekman, S.K.; Balasubramanian, R. (2013); Production of solid biochar fuel from waste biomass by hydrothermal carbonization. Fuel 2013, 103, 943–949.
  • Hernández, J.J.; Lapuerta, M.; Monedero, E. (2016); Characterisation of residual char from biomass gasification: Effect of the gasifier operating conditions. J. Clean. Prod. 138, 83–93.
  • Standard Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Solids (ASTM D 854-92).
  • ASTM: American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM International) Standards, 2015. 
  • Standard Test Method for Ash in Biomass (ASTM E1755).
  • Standard Test Method for Volatile Matter in the Analysis of Particulate Wood Fuels (E 872 – 82 (Reapproved 1998)).
  • CEN/TS 15104:2005. Solid Biofuels – Determination of total content of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen – Instrumental methods.
  • Standard Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Coal and Coke (ASTM D5865-10a).
  • Oh, S., Yoo, D., Shin, Y., Kim, H., Chung, Y., Park, W., Youk, J. (2005), “Crystalline structure analysis of cellulose treated with sodium hydroxide and carbon dioxide by means of X-ray diffraction and FTIR spectroscopy”, Carbohydrate Research, v. 340, pp. 2376–91. Doi: 10.1016/j.carres.2005.08.007.
  • Khasreen, M. M., Banfill, P. F., & Menzies, G. F. (2009). Life-cycle assessment and the environmental impact of buildings: a review. Sustainability, 1(3), 674-701.

Keywords:

Toxicity; Heavy metals; Fish; Bioaccumulation; Biochar; Bioremediation; Biomass
characterization; FTIR; XRD; Optimization.

SHARE WITH EVERYONE

Continue reading in any device

Continue reading in any device